Cyst Nematode

Heterodera schachtii 

Identification

  • The most widespread and most yield-limiting factor in sugarbeet production
  • Cyst nematode eggs can lie dormant in fields for years
  • Once their cycle of growth begins, nematodes continue to produce several generations that feed from the host vegetation
  • Nematode males and females have different shapes
  • Females are lemon shaped, white and show up on  roots hair
  • Their body slowly turns from white to brown
  • The female cyst often contains more than 250 eggs
  • The hatching of the larvae and the movement out of the cysts, is caused by favorable ground temperatures 50°+ F, moisture and soil aeration
 

Cause of Infestation

  • A hatching factor from the secretion of the host plant, stimulates and attracts the larvae to the host plant (Sugarbeets and some weed species are host plants)
  • The larvae penetrates the root tissue and causes the cell walls to dissolve
  • The beet's ability to absorb moisture and nutrients is hindered
 

Detection

  • Underdeveloped patches in the field
  • Sunlight causes the leaves to wilt
  • Infected plants remain smaller and lighter in color, and show nutrient deficiency
  • A bearded sugarbeet root is often described in the field

Control
  • Nematocide or fumigants
  • Avoid spread by not returning tare soil to the field
  • Longer sugarbeet rotations can be helpful in combination of controlling other host species including many weeds
  • Trap cropping with an oil radish or mustard has greatly reduced the populations of cyst nematodes